New 9th Planet?

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New 9th planet?
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 Odin.Godofgods
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By Odin.Godofgods 2016-01-20 11:09:27
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Quote:
New evidence suggests a ninth planet lurking at the edge of the solar system



Astronomers at the California Institute of Technology announced Wednesday that they have found new evidence of a giant icy planet lurking in the darkness of our solar system far beyond the orbit of Pluto. They are calling it "Planet Nine."

Their paper, published in the Astronomical Journal, describes the planet as about five to 10 times as massive as the Earth. But the authors, astronomers Michael Brown and Konstantin Batygin, have not observed the planet directly.

Instead, they have inferred its existence from the motion of recently discovered dwarf planets and other small objects in the outer solar system. Those smaller bodies have orbits that appear to be influenced by the gravity of a hidden planet – a "massive perturber." The astronomers suggest it might have been flung into deep space long ago by the gravitational force of Jupiter or Saturn.

Telescopes on at least two continents are searching for the object, which on average is 20 times farther away than the eighth planet, Neptune. If "Planet Nine" exists, it's big. Its estimated mass would make it about two to four times the diameter of the Earth, distinguishing it as the fifth-largest planet after Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. But at such extreme distances, it would reflect so little sunlight that it could evade even the most powerful telescopes.

Confirmation of its existence would reconfigure the models of the solar system. Pluto, discovered in 1930, spent three-quarters of a century as the iconic ninth planet. Then, a decade ago, Pluto received a controversial demotion, in large part because of Brown.

His observations of the outer solar system identified many small worlds there – some close to the size of Pluto –and prompted the International Astronomical Union to reconsider the definition of a planet. The IAU voted to change Pluto's classification to "dwarf planet," a decision mocked repeatedly last summer when NASA's New Horizons probe flew past Pluto and revealed a world with an atmosphere, weather and a volatile and dynamically reworked surface.

Brown, who tweets under the handle @plutokiller and who wrote the book "How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming," said now may be the time to rewrite the textbooks yet again.

"My daughter, she's still kind of mad about Pluto being demoted, even though she was barely born at that time," Brown said. "She suggested a few years ago that she'd forgive me if I found a new planet. So I guess I've been working on this for her."

Brown and Batygin initially set out to prove that Planet Nine didn't exist. Their paper builds on earlier research by two other astronomers that revealed a peculiar clustering of the small, icy objects discovered in the past decade or so in the remote regions of the solar system.

In 2014, Scott Sheppard of the Washington-based Carnegie Institution of Science and Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory in Hawaii published a paper in the journal Nature that discussed the potential existence of a giant planet affecting the orbits of those dwarf worlds. Sheppard and Trujillo noted a similarity in the motion of those bodies when they are closest to the sun.

"We thought their idea was crazy," Brown said, explaining that extra planets are always the "go-to suggestion" when astronomers find orbital behavior they can't explain. But he and Batygin struggled to debunk that hypothetical ninth planet. They used mathematical equations and then computer models, ultimately concluding that the best explanation for the smaller objects' clustering was the gravitational effects of something far bigger.

Such clustering is similar to what's seen in some asteroids that are about as close to the sun as the Earth. They wind up in stable orbits that keep them far from Earth and free from any significant disturbance by the Earth's gravity.

"Until then, we didn't really believe our results ourselves. It just didn't make sense to us," Brown said. But their modeling showed that a planet with 10 times the mass of Earth would exert an influence over the orbits of the smaller bodies and keep them from coming as close to the sun as they should. It would also slowly twist these orbits by 90 degrees, making them periodically perpendicular to the plane of the solar system.

"In the back of my head, I had this nagging memory that someone had found some of these modulating objects and not known what to make of them," Brown said. "And sure enough, these objects do exist. And they were exactly where our theory predicts they should be."

That's when the Caltech researchers started to take Planet Nine seriously. "That was the real jaw-dropping moment, when it went from a cute little idea to something that might be for real," he said.

Sheppard, who co-awrote the paper that Brown and Batygin set out to disprove, says the existence of a hidden planet is still a big unknown. "Until we actually see it for real, it will always be questionable as to whether it exists," he said, cautioning that the latest calculations are based on a relatively small number of known objects and that further observations and detections of perturbed bodies would bolster the hypothesis.

Still, Sheppard significantly upped the odds of discovery – from 40 percent before to 60 percent now. “Some people took it seriously, but a lot of people didn’t," he said of his own study's findings. "With this new work, it’s much more rigorous, and people will take it more seriously now.”

From the Côte d'Azur Observatory in Nice, France, planetary scientist Alessandro Morbidelli agreed that the evidence was stronger this time. "I immediately felt that this paper, for the first time, was providing convincing evidence for a new planet in the solar system," said Morbidelli, an expert in these kinds of orbital movements who was not involved in either study. "I don't see any alternative explanation to that offered by Batygin and Brown."

"We will find it one day," he added. "The question is when."

The past two decades have seen a burst of discoveries as astronomers have scrutinized the light of distant stars and looked for signs of orbiting planets. More than a thousand such planets have been detected through analysis of starlight that has traveled across the vast interstellar distances. Brown and Batygin, however, have been searching closer to home, looking for objects that orbit the sun and remain unseen only because the outer regions of the solar system are exceedingly dark.

The thought of a hidden planet larger than Earth is intriguing, but for now it's difficult to say too much about the hypothetical conditions there. Brown believes it's probably an icy, rocky world with a small envelope of gas – a planet that could have been the core of a gas giant had it not been ejected into a wonky, highly elliptical orbit. It might not make its closest approach of the sun more than once every 10,000 years, and even then it would remain far beyond the known planets.

The situation mimics what happened in the 19th century when careful observation of the seventh planet, Uranus, indicated that there must be another body in far-distant space influencing its orbit. That work led eventually to the discovery of Neptune.

It would be difficult to see the ninth planet if it's not at or near its closest approach to the sun. Brown doesn't believe the object is at that point, saying it would have been spotted by now. But he does think that the most powerful telescopes on the planet, if pointed in precisely the right direction, might be able to detect it even when it is most distant from the sun.

"We've been looking for it for a while now, but the sky is pretty big," Brown said. "We know its path, but not where it is on that path."

He and Batygin hope their paper's publication will infuse the search with new energy. "If other people – better astronomers – get excited about the idea of finding Planet Nine, we could hopefully see it within a couple of years," he said.

The two know they may not get credit for that discovery. Until the planet is spotted directly with a telescope, any work surrounding it is theoretical. Brown, Batygin and other scientists who have made the case for Planet Nine's existence are providing treasure maps and clues – but someone else could very well strike gold before they do.

If and when it's spotted, Planet Nine would be evaluated by the same criteria that got Pluto demoted. Brown isn't concerned about that.

"That's not even a question -- it's definitely a planet," he said. One of the trickiest criterion for planet status, based on the standards set by the International Astronomical Union, is that a planet must "clear the neighborhood" around its orbital zone. It needs to have the gravitational prowess to change the orbits of other objects.

"Planet Nine is forcing any objects that cross its orbit to push into these misaligned positions. It fits that concept perfectly," Brown said.

The "Pluto killer" added: "Not to mention the fact that it's 5,000 times the mass of Pluto."

Source
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 Odin.Godofgods
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By Odin.Godofgods 2016-01-20 11:10:49
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Side note::
Odin.Godofgods said: »
Confirmation of its existence would reconfigure the models of the solar system. Pluto, discovered in 1930, spent three-quarters of a century as the iconic ninth planet. Then, a decade ago, Pluto received a controversial demotion, in large part because of Brown.

Brown, who tweets under the handle @plutokiller and who wrote the book "How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming," said now may be the time to rewrite the textbooks yet again.

gotta love the sense of humor with it'
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 Cerberus.Tidis
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By Cerberus.Tidis 2016-01-20 11:16:46
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Pluto will always be the 9th planet #neverforget.
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 Bismarck.Bloodbathboy
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By Bismarck.Bloodbathboy 2016-01-20 11:23:23
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Nibru!
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By Ramyrez 2016-01-20 11:24:47
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Cerberus.Tidis said: »
Pluto will always be the 9th planet #neverforget.

For some reason I thought they reinstated it.

I've lost track, the past year has been a *** blur.

Which is funny given I've been drinking exponentially less.
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 Valefor.Sehachan
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By Valefor.Sehachan 2016-01-20 11:29:27
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Nibiru is coming.

Prepare.
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 Bismarck.Leneth
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By Bismarck.Leneth 2016-01-20 11:43:01
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If they find it and it also applies to the definition of being part of our solar system the name should start with a P so our german mnemonic works again.

Edit: also to pick up an old discussion on this website, the name should be female.
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 Asura.Kingnobody
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By Asura.Kingnobody 2016-01-20 11:45:14
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Does that mean we get a new Sailor Moon character?

*leaves*
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By Artemicion 2016-01-20 12:02:24
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Cerberus.Tidis said: »
Pluto will always be the 9th planet #neverforget.

Pluto will forever live on in our hearts, but honestly it was removed from the books for a pretty good reason. This explains it pretty well.

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By Yatenkou 2016-01-20 13:08:36
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I hate the term dwarf planet, can we use the term "diametrically challenged planet?"
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 Siren.Mosin
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By Siren.Mosin 2016-01-20 14:33:29
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I heard about this theory on coast-to-coast AM radio in like 2005. I thought it was super interesting, but at the end of the day dismissed it as lunacy due to the source I was listening to it on. turns out that crazy *** might not have been so crazy after all....

neat.
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 Bismarck.Misao
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By Bismarck.Misao 2016-01-20 14:36:30
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Quote:
New 9th planet?

pics or it didnt happen.
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 Asura.Boogerballs
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By Asura.Boogerballs 2016-01-20 15:45:18
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Bismarck.Misao said: »
Quote:
New 9th planet?

pics or it didnt happen.

Dumbest response ever.
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By fonewear 2016-01-20 16:17:21
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Is the Planet of the Apes I've been hearing about ?


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 Garuda.Chanti
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By Garuda.Chanti 2016-01-20 16:18:06
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Asura.Boogerballs said: »
Bismarck.Misao said: »
Quote:
New 9th planet?
pics or it didnt happen.
Dumbest response ever.
Nonsense. Thay haven't found it yet. Just infered its existence from the motions of other bodies.

Quote:
The researchers haven't observed Planet X itself, but believe it exists because of the unique configuration of six objects when they come closest to the sun, according to Science.

The scientists say that there's a 0.007 percent probability that the configuration is due to chance, and instead are confident it's a ninth planet. They believe they will observe the planet with a telescope within five years, according to The Associated Press.
Direct observation is the only real proof.

Also:
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By fonewear 2016-01-20 16:21:58
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Planet X what a terrible name for a planet...
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 Bahamut.Boogerballs
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By Bahamut.Boogerballs 2016-01-20 16:33:11
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Garuda.Chanti said: »
Asura.Boogerballs said: »
Bismarck.Misao said: »
Quote:
New 9th planet?
pics or it didnt happen.
Dumbest response ever.
Nonsense. Thay haven't found it yet. Just infered its existence from the motions of other bodies.

Quote:
The researchers haven't observed Planet X itself, but believe it exists because of the unique configuration of six objects when they come closest to the sun, according to Science.

The scientists say that there's a 0.007 percent probability that the configuration is due to chance, and instead are confident it's a ninth planet. They believe they will observe the planet with a telescope within five years, according to The Associated Press.
Direct observation is the only real proof.

Also:
YouTube Video Placeholder

To tell u the truth, we're beginning to believe we will never be able to see it. The main issue we're having is its just too far. Another issue is we believe there is a large amount of dark matter beyond the kuiper belt which would also hinder our ability to see this planet.
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By fonewear 2016-01-20 16:35:38
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There's a 0.007 percent probability that finding this planet is a top priority to most Americans !
 Bismarck.Misao
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By Bismarck.Misao 2016-01-20 16:37:49
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Asura.Boogerballs said: »
Dumbest response ever.
 Bahamut.Boogerballs
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By Bahamut.Boogerballs 2016-01-20 16:40:49
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fonewear said: »
There's a 0.007 percent probability that finding this planet is a top priority to most Americans !

Unfortunately, americans are too busy being PC or making HELP I AM TRAPPED IN 2006 PLEASE SEND A TIME MACHINE .gifs
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By Anna Ruthven 2016-01-20 16:50:48
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I like gifs, as an American, I should make a gif of me making a gif of me making a gif about being PC.
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 Asura.Boogerballs
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By Asura.Boogerballs 2016-01-20 16:59:28
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Anna Ruthven said: »
I like gifs, as an American, I should make a gif of me making a gif of me making a gif about being PC.

Mind blown
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By Ohji Lunartail 2016-01-20 18:38:24
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they should do a world wide contest for names,, cuz X is a dumber name than half the ***on youtube these days
 Bahamut.Boogerballs
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By Bahamut.Boogerballs 2016-01-20 18:41:23
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Ohji Lunartail said: »
they should do a world wide contest for names,, cuz X is a dumber name than half the ***on youtube these days

They are probably gonna do something like they did when they found Kerberos and Styx. they had a contest a few years back and the winners were the new names
 
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 Siren.Noxzema
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By Siren.Noxzema 2016-01-20 18:46:10
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Well if Planet Nine is discovered before it, then Planet X would coincidentally fit. (Not arguing that it isn't a dumb name, Nine isn't any better...)
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 Bismarck.Magnuss
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By Bismarck.Magnuss 2016-01-20 18:51:44
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 Garuda.Chanti
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By Garuda.Chanti 2016-01-20 19:18:12
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Bismarck.Josiahfk said: »
We named all the moons of the other planets but not our own.
So you are saying aliens named the moon the moon for us?
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 Asura.Saevel
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By Asura.Saevel 2016-01-20 20:44:54
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Bahamut.Boogerballs said: »
To tell u the truth, we're beginning to believe we will never be able to see it. The main issue we're having is its just too far. Another issue is we believe there is a large amount of dark matter beyond the kuiper belt which would also hinder our ability to see this planet.

If it exists then they will see it, it's just a matter of time. All regular objects reflect incoming light / radiation and there is a ton of that in the Galaxy. It's only a matter of pointing a strong enough telescope in the right direct and not having another object in the way. We can observe objects much farther away then our own solar system by watching the light they either emit or reflect. Again just a matter of time.

As for dark matter ... this isn't a 70's science fiction show. Dark matter isn't observable matter, otherwise it wouldn't be a member of the non-baryonic family. Theoretically it doesn't even interact with our universe other then to possess gravity. Dark matter and dark energy are not actual objects, but rather the results of unknown's in the math behind the Standard Model. The Standard Model predicts that the observable universe should contain X amount of matter and Y amount of energy, so far we've only been observe and account for a small percentage of those and thus the unobserved and unaccounted for amounts are labeled Dark Matter and Dark Energy. They are theoretical constructs used as place holders to describe stuff we simply don't understand or haven't discovered yet. Eventually the work in deep space astronomy and quantum mechanics will yield a better understanding of the universe, the Standard Model will chance to reflect that understanding and the missing matter / energy accounted for. Our understanding of the higgs field is sketchy at best and there is a whole range of possibilities for what it's composed of.
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 Odin.Godofgods
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By Odin.Godofgods 2016-01-20 22:43:24
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Asura.Saevel said: »
Bahamut.Boogerballs said: »
To tell u the truth, we're beginning to believe we will never be able to see it. The main issue we're having is its just too far. Another issue is we believe there is a large amount of dark matter beyond the kuiper belt which would also hinder our ability to see this planet.

If it exists then they will see it, it's just a matter of time. All regular objects reflect incoming light / radiation and there is a ton of that in the Galaxy. It's only a matter of pointing a strong enough telescope in the right direct and not having another object in the way. We can observe objects much farther away then our own solar system by watching the light they either emit or reflect. Again just a matter of time.

As for dark matter ... this isn't a 70's science fiction show. Dark matter isn't observable matter, otherwise it wouldn't be a member of the non-baryonic family. Theoretically it doesn't even interact with our universe other then to possess gravity. Dark matter and dark energy are not actual objects, but rather the results of unknown's in the math behind the Standard Model. The Standard Model predicts that the observable universe should contain X amount of matter and Y amount of energy, so far we've only been observe and account for a small percentage of those and thus the unobserved and unaccounted for amounts are labeled Dark Matter and Dark Energy. They are theoretical constructs used as place holders to describe stuff we simply don't understand or haven't discovered yet. Eventually the work in deep space astronomy and quantum mechanics will yield a better understanding of the universe, the Standard Model will chance to reflect that understanding and the missing matter / energy accounted for. Our understanding of the higgs field is sketchy at best and there is a whole range of possibilities for what it's composed of.

+ just for an informed, relevant, and on topic response.
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